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NDA 2026 · PYQ · Fluid Mechanics / Floating Body Stability · medium

A floating body is in stable state. Which one of the following is correct?

  1. A.The centre of gravity of the body is above its centre of buoyancy.
  2. B.The centre of gravity of the body is below its centre of buoyancy.
  3. C.The centre of gravity of the body coincides with its centre of buoyancy.
  4. D.The centre of gravity of the body is below the metacentre.✓ Correct

Explanation

For a floating body, stability is determined by the relative position of the metacentre (M) and the centre of gravity (G), not by the relative position of G and the centre of buoyancy (B). A floating body is in stable equilibrium if and only if the metacentre lies above the centre of gravity (GM > 0); the restoring couple then brings the body back to equilibrium when tilted. The centre of gravity may well be above the centre of buoyancy in a stable floating body (as in ships), so option (a) is not a necessary condition. The correct criterion for stable floating equilibrium is that G lies below M.
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