A self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way is called—

Critical thinking is defined as self-guided, self-disciplined thinking that attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. This definition (by Richard Paul and Linda Elder of the Foundation for Critical Thinking) emphasizes that critical thinking involves intellectual self-regulation, fairness, and systematic reasoning to evaluate information and arguments.