A teacher of class II uses learner's knowledge and language to build a bridge between his mother tongue and English language teaching. Here learner's language is used in teaching English as a _____.

Modern language pedagogy, including NCF 2005, views the learner's mother tongue (L1) as a valuable RESOURCE in learning a second language (L2). The L1 provides cognitive scaffolding, prior knowledge, and a familiar reference point that the teacher can use to bridge into English. Far from being a hindrance (old behaviorist view), the mother tongue facilitates concept transfer, comparison, and confidence-building. It is not merely used for translation or as a pattern — it functions holistically as a learning resource.