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CDS 2025 · PYQ · Fundamental Rights / Article 12 · easy

As defined in Article 12 of the Constitution of India, 'State' includes: 1. Parliament of India 2. State Governments 3. State Legislatures 4. Local authorities in India Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. A.1 and 3 only
  2. B.1, 2 and 3 only
  3. C.1, 2, 3 and 4✓ Correct
  4. D.2 and 4 only

Explanation

Article 12 of the Constitution of India defines 'the State' as including the Government and Parliament of India, the Government and Legislature of each of the States, and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India. Thus, the definition includes Parliament of India, State Governments, State Legislatures, and Local authorities — all four entities listed in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.
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