Conceptual understanding among students is likely to improve in the settings which emphasise on

Inquiry and dialogue create active learning environments where students question, investigate, discuss, and construct understanding collaboratively. These approaches develop deep conceptual knowledge by engaging higher-order thinking and allowing students to explore relationships among concepts. Competitions create anxiety and focus on performance over learning, textbook-centric pedagogy promotes passive reception, and frequent examinations encourage rote memorization rather than understanding. Inquiry-based dialogic teaching is best for conceptual learning.