Sarkari RiseLogin
UPSC CSE 2026 · PYQ · Poverty / Multidimensional Poverty Index · hard

Consider the following statements about Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): 1. MPI is calculated using Alkire-Foster methodology. 2. MPI calculated by NITI Aayog has a total of twelve indicators. 3. Maternal Health and Bank Account are common indicators in the MPI of NITI Aayog and MPI of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

  1. A.1 and 2 only✓ Correct
  2. B.1, 2 and 3
  3. C.1 and 3 only
  4. D.2 only

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The Multidimensional Poverty Index uses the Alkire-Foster methodology developed by Sabina Alkire and James Foster at the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI). Statement 2 is correct: India's National MPI by NITI Aayog has 12 indicators across 3 dimensions — Health (Nutrition, Child & Adolescent Mortality, Maternal Health), Education (Years of Schooling, School Attendance), and Standard of Living (Cooking Fuel, Sanitation, Drinking Water, Electricity, Housing, Assets, Bank Account). The global MPI by UNDP has only 10 indicators. Statement 3 is incorrect because Maternal Health and Bank Account are unique additional indicators in India's National MPI (NITI Aayog) and are NOT part of the global UNDP MPI. These two indicators were added by NITI Aayog to reflect Indian policy priorities. Hence only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
💡 Practice unlimited UPSC CSE PYQs + AI-tracked progress on each topic. Sign up free →

Want more UPSC CSE practice?

Free daily 10-Q quiz · adaptive mocks · 4,000+ verified PYQs · AI doubt solver in Hindi + English

Sign up freeMore Poverty / Multidimensional Poverty Index practice