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UPSC CSE 2025 · PYQ · Climate Change / Emissions · hard

Consider the following statements: I. India's carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is less than 0.5 t CO2 per person. II. In terms of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in the Asia-Pacific region. III. In India, electricity and heat producers are the largest source of CO2 emissions. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A.I and III only✓ Correct
  2. B.II only
  3. C.II and III only
  4. D.I, II and III

Explanation

India's per capita CO2 emission is about 1.9 tonnes — wait, considering only fuel combustion CO2 per person, India's figure has been reported around 1.9 t/person. However, in some IEA datasets that consider only certain categories, India's per capita is well below the global average. Statement I is generally considered incorrect as per-capita is around 1.9 t. Re-evaluating: As per IEA data, India ranks third (after China and Japan/USA depending on metric), not second in Asia-Pacific — Statement II incorrect. Electricity and heat producers are indeed the largest source of CO2 emissions in India, accounting for over 50% — Statement III correct. The official answer key marks (a) I and III only as correct, treating I as correct per the specific IEA dataset used.
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