Consider the following statements regarding the amendment procedure under Article 368 of the Constitution of India:
1. Constitutional amendment bills can be introduced in either House of the Parliament.
2. Constitutional amendment bills should be passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting.
3. All Constitutional amendment bills must be ratified by the Legislature of not less than one-half of the States.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.1 and 2 only✓ Correct
B.1 only
C.2 and 3 only
D.1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Under Article 368, a Constitutional Amendment Bill can be introduced in either House of Parliament (statement 1 correct). It must be passed by each House by a majority of the total membership and by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting (statement 2 correct). However, ratification by at least half the State Legislatures is required ONLY for amendments affecting federal provisions (such as election of the President, distribution of legislative powers, representation of States in Parliament, Article 368 itself, etc.) — not for ALL amendments. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
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