Consider the following statements with reference to India's response to climate change :
I. India's Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) is a crucial tool for achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
II. India's 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) submitted in December, 2024 recorded around 8% decrease in Greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 over 2019.
III. Climate-resilient development necessarily depends on quick and short-term achievement of emission reduction targets.
Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct ?
1. Statement I is empirically supported by statement II.
2. Statement III contradicts the approach implicit in statement I.
3. Statement I and statement III together establish the premise of long-term sustainability.
A.1 only
B.1 and 2✓ Correct
C.2 and 3
D.3 only
Explanation
India's LT-LEDS, submitted to UNFCCC in November 2022, charts the pathway for India to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, so Statement I is correct. The BUR-4 submitted in December 2024 reported approximately 7.93% decrease in GHG emissions in 2020 compared to 2019, providing empirical support to the LT-LEDS approach, validating Statement II and the relationship in option 1. Statement III is incorrect because climate-resilient development requires long-term sustainable transition rather than quick short-term targets, and thus it contradicts the LT-LEDS approach (relationship 2 is correct). Relationship 3 is wrong because Statement III itself contradicts the long-term sustainability premise of Statement I, so they cannot together establish it. Hence relationships 1 and 2 are correct.
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