Which of the following factors contributed to the formation of the Forward Bloc by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939? 1. Bose failed to win the confidence of Mahatma Gandhi. 2. The Congress Left was disunited and failed to support Bose. 3. The Communists did not support Bose in his endeavours. 4. The supporters of M.N. Roy and socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan preferred Congress unity to supporting Bose.

After winning the 1939 Tripuri Congress presidency against Gandhi's candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya, Bose was unable to retain Gandhi's confidence and was forced to resign. The Congress Left, including the Congress Socialist Party and the followers of M.N. Roy and Jayaprakash Narayan, preferred to maintain Congress unity under Gandhi rather than back Bose's confrontational line. The Communists, who at this stage were aligning with the popular-front strategy, also did not break with the Congress mainstream. However, historians (including Bipan Chandra) note that points 1, 2, and 4 specifically explain the formation of the Forward Bloc — Bose's loss of Gandhi's confidence, the disunity of Congress Left, and the socialists' preference for Congress unity. The Communists' position is more nuanced and not listed among the principal causes in the standard NCERT/Bipan Chandra account.