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NDA 2025 · PYQ · Permutations and Combinations · medium

How many 7-letter words (with or without meaning) can be constructed using all the letters of the word CAPITAL so that all consonants come together in each word?

  1. A.360✓ Correct
  2. B.300
  3. C.288
  4. D.240

Explanation

CAPITAL has 7 letters: C, A, P, I, T, A, L. Consonants: C, P, T, L (4). Vowels: A, I, A (3, with A repeated). Treat 4 consonants as one block. Then arrange the block with 3 vowels = 4 items, but vowels have repetition. Number of arrangements = 4!·4!/2! (consonants arranged within block, items arranged, vowels A repeated). = 24·24/2 = 288. Wait: items to arrange = 1 block + 3 vowels = 4 items, with 2 A's repeated, so 4!/2! = 12 arrangements. Consonants within block: 4! = 24. Total = 12·24 = 288. Hmm, that gives 288. But answer (a) 360. Let me reconsider: actually, 4!·4!/2! treats consonants in block (4!) and total 4 items (block + 3 vowels) arranged with /2! for repeated A. So 24·12 = 288. The answer should be 288 (c).
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