In his theory of cognitive development, Jean Piaget explains cognitive structures in terms of _________.

Piaget used the concept of schemas (or schemes) to describe the mental structures that organize knowledge and guide thinking. Schemas are cognitive frameworks that help individuals interpret and respond to information. They develop through processes of assimilation (fitting new information into existing schemas) and accommodation (modifying schemas to fit new information). Psychological tools and ZPD are Vygotskian concepts, while stimulus-response is behaviorist, making schemas the distinctively Piagetian construct.