In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements: I. Cobalt II. Graphite III. Lithium IV. Nickel How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?

In typical lithium-ion EV batteries, the cathode is made of lithium-metal oxide compounds containing cobalt, nickel, and lithium (e.g., NMC — Nickel Manganese Cobalt, or NCA — Nickel Cobalt Aluminium). Graphite, on the other hand, is used as the anode material, not the cathode. Therefore, three elements — cobalt, lithium, and nickel — usually make up the cathode.