Which of the following is a useful strategy to understand conceptual gaps in learners?

Concept maps visually represent learners' understanding of the relationships among concepts. By examining how a learner connects ideas, teachers can identify missing links, misconceptions, or gaps in conceptual understanding. Quizzes and homework primarily assess recall and routine application, while observing practical skills assesses procedural ability — none of these reveal the structure of conceptual understanding as clearly as concept maps do.