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NDA 2025 · PYQ · Composition of functions / Limits · easy

Let the function f(x) = x² − 1. What is lim(x→1) {f ∘ f(x)} equal to?

  1. A.−1✓ Correct
  2. B.0
  3. C.1
  4. D.2

Explanation

f(f(x)) = f(x² − 1) = (x² − 1)² − 1. At x = 1: (1 − 1)² − 1 = 0 − 1 = −1. So the limit is −1.
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