Which of the following skills are promoted by mathematics at upper primary stage? A. Visualisation B. Transposition C. Memorisation D. Generalisation E. Estimation

At the upper primary stage, mathematics aims to develop higher-order thinking skills: visualisation (spatial reasoning), transposition (algebraic manipulation), generalisation (identifying patterns and abstracting rules), and estimation (approximating quantities). Memorisation is not a goal of upper primary mathematics; understanding and reasoning are emphasized instead. Hence A, B, D, E is correct.