Which of the following statements about Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is/are correct ? 1. It was launched in 2021 by the Government of India. 2. Its aim is to democratize e-commerce in India. 3. India has surpassed China in 2024 in e-retail penetration. Select the answer using the code given below :

ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce) was launched in 2021 by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, so statement 1 is correct. Its aim is to democratize e-commerce by moving from a platform-centric model to an open network model, enabling small retailers and consumers to participate equally, so statement 2 is correct. However, India has NOT surpassed China in e-retail penetration; China remains far ahead with much higher e-retail penetration rates, so statement 3 is incorrect.