Which of the following statements about Virashaivism is/are correct? 1. The Virashaivism traces its origin to the five great religious teachers—Renuka, Daruka, Ghantakarna, Dhenukarna and Vishvakarna. 2. The Virashaiva philosophy is called Shaktivishishtadvaita—the non-duality of God. 3. Ashtavarana are the eight rules of the Virashaivism to be observed by the followers.

All three statements about Virashaivism (Lingayatism) are correct. Tradition traces its origin to five great teachers (Panchacharyas): Renukacharya, Darukacharya, Ekorama (Ghantakarna), Panditharadhya and Vishwaradhya (associated with the names listed). Its philosophy is called Shakti Vishishtadvaita, propounded by Sripati Pandita, which holds the qualified non-duality of God (Shiva) and Shakti. The Ashtavarana are indeed the eight protective coverings/observances prescribed for Virashaiva followers (Guru, Linga, Jangama, Padodaka, Prasada, Vibhuti, Rudraksha and Mantra).