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CDS 2024 · PYQ · International Relations · medium

Which of the following statements are not correct? 1. In world politics, 'hard power' can be exercised by both States and other actors involving use of threat or coercion. 2. Globalisation is necessarily economic, not cultural. 3. The term 'Washington Consensus' refers to a policy that seeks intervention in the market. 4. 'Autarky' is generally understood as economic 'self-sufficiency'. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. A.1 and 4 only
  2. B.2 and 3 only✓ Correct
  3. C.2, 3 and 4 only
  4. D.1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct – hard power (military, economic coercion) can be exercised by States as well as non-state actors. Statement 4 is correct – autarky means economic self-sufficiency with minimal foreign trade. Statement 2 is incorrect because globalisation is multi-dimensional (economic, cultural, political and technological), not exclusively economic. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Washington Consensus prescribes liberalisation, privatisation and minimal state intervention in markets, not greater intervention. Hence statements 2 and 3 are NOT correct.
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