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NDA 2025 · PYQ · Surface Chemistry / Soaps and Detergents · medium

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

  1. A.Soap molecules are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids
  2. B.Soap molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends
  3. C.Detergents are more effective than soap in hard water
  4. D.In a micelle, the ionic end of molecules face the oil droplet, while the other end faces outwards✓ Correct

Explanation

Statement (d) is NOT correct. In a micelle formed by soap in water, the hydrophobic (non-ionic, hydrocarbon) tails face the oil droplet while the hydrophilic (ionic) ends face outward into the water. The statement reverses this orientation. Statements (a), (b), and (c) are all correct: soaps are sodium/potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids, soap molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends, and detergents work better than soaps in hard water because they do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions.
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