Which of the following sums up the idea of the author?

The author's main point is that educational change is multidimensional and must be objectively clarified by identifying and describing its separate dimensions. Reality is defined by individuals and groups but interacts to produce social phenomena that exist outside any given individual. The author advocates posing double questions to reduce subjectivity. Therefore the central idea is that change must be conceptualised collectively in its many dimensions and dealt with objectively, which matches option (d).