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UPSC CSE 2026 · PYQ · Modern Indian Economic History / Colonial Currency Policy · hard

The artificially fixed rupee-sterling exchange rate prescribed by the Hilton-Young Commission (1926) was adopted by the British Government for which one of the following reasons?

  1. A.Aiding the flow of remittances from India and maintaining India's creditworthiness✓ Correct
  2. B.Providing support to Indian importers
  3. C.Encouraging export of cotton produce from India
  4. D.Preventing depreciation of the Rupee in terms of gold

Explanation

The Hilton-Young Commission (Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance, 1926) recommended fixing the rupee-sterling exchange rate at 1s 6d. The British Government adopted this artificially high rate to ensure smooth remittances from India to Britain (Home Charges, pensions, interest on sterling debt) and to maintain India's creditworthiness in the international market. This rate was disadvantageous to Indian exporters and beneficial to British importers and the colonial government's transfer of funds back home. Indian nationalists and businessmen opposed it because it hurt exports of cotton and other goods.
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