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UPSC CSE 2025 · PYQ · Ancient India / Technology and Irrigation · medium

The irrigation device called 'Araghatta' was

  1. A.a water bag made of leather pulled over a pulley
  2. B.a large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes✓ Correct
  3. C.a larger earthen pot driven by bullocks
  4. D.a large water bucket pulled up by rope directly by hand

Explanation

The Araghatta was an ancient and medieval Indian water-lifting device, essentially a Persian wheel-like contraption. It consisted of a large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes or to a chain attached to the wheel. As the wheel rotated (often driven by animal or human power), the pots scooped up water from a well or river and emptied it into a channel at the top. The term 'Araghatta' literally means 'spoked wheel for lifting water' and finds mention in Sanskrit literature including in works like the Panchatantra and Rajatarangini.
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