UPSC CSE 2025 · PYQ · Ancient India / Technology and Irrigation · medium
The irrigation device called 'Araghatta' was
A.a water bag made of leather pulled over a pulley
B.a large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes✓ Correct
C.a larger earthen pot driven by bullocks
D.a large water bucket pulled up by rope directly by hand
Explanation
The Araghatta was an ancient and medieval Indian water-lifting device, essentially a Persian wheel-like contraption. It consisted of a large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes or to a chain attached to the wheel. As the wheel rotated (often driven by animal or human power), the pots scooped up water from a well or river and emptied it into a channel at the top. The term 'Araghatta' literally means 'spoked wheel for lifting water' and finds mention in Sanskrit literature including in works like the Panchatantra and Rajatarangini.
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