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UPSC CSE 2025 · PYQ · Science & Technology / Explosives · medium

What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

  1. A.These are alternatives to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants
  2. B.These are explosives in military weapons✓ Correct
  3. C.These are high-energy fuels for cruise missiles
  4. D.These are fuels for rocket propulsion

Explanation

CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane), HMX (octogen), and LLM-105 (2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide) are all high-performance nitramine/nitro-based explosives used in military applications. They are characterized by very high detonation velocities and energy densities, making them important for warheads, demolition charges, and other military explosives. They are not refrigerants, rocket fuels, or cruise-missile fuels.
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