UPSC CSE 2026 · PYQ · Modern India / Peasant Movements · medium
Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct?
A.The Eka Movement was throughout supported and organized by the Congress while Bardoli Satyagraha was initially independent of Congress influence and was only in the last stages supported by the Congress.
B.The Eka Movement was provided leadership by the taluqdars of Awadh, whereas the Bardoli Satyagraha was a movement of the landless labourers.
C.The Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents.✓ Correct
D.The Eka Movement was located in the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of the present-day U.P., while the Bardoli Satyagraha took place in Saurashtra.
Explanation
The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928), led by Vallabhbhai Patel in Surat district of Gujarat, was a no-tax campaign against a 22% (later revised) enhancement in land revenue by the Bombay Presidency. The Eka (Unity) Movement (1921-22) in the Hardoi, Bahraich, Sitapur, and Barabanki districts of Awadh was a peasant protest against high rents (often 50% above the recorded rate), share-rents, oppression by thekedars, and the practice of ejectment. So statement (c) correctly distinguishes the two: Bardoli targeted land revenue enhancement while Eka opposed excessive rent extraction. The other options misstate leadership, location, or Congress involvement.
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