Consider the following critical minerals: I. Neodymium II. Tellurium III. Dysprosium IV. Gallium Which of the above minerals are not used for the production of photovoltaic cells used in solar panels?

Tellurium and Gallium are both critical minerals used in photovoltaic solar cells — Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) and Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) are common thin-film solar cell technologies. Neodymium and Dysprosium, however, are rare earth elements used primarily in high-strength permanent magnets for wind turbines, electric vehicle motors, and electronics, but NOT in photovoltaic solar cells. Hence I (Neodymium) and III (Dysprosium) are not used in solar PV cells.