Consider the following critical minerals: I. Neodymium II. Tellurium III. Dysprosium IV. Gallium. Which of the above minerals are not used in the production of photovoltaic cells used in solar panels?

Tellurium is a key component of CdTe (cadmium telluride) thin-film solar cells, and gallium is used in CIGS (copper-indium-gallium-selenide) and GaAs solar cells — so II and IV are USED in photovoltaics. Neodymium and dysprosium are rare-earth elements used primarily in high-strength permanent magnets (NdFeB magnets) for wind turbines, electric vehicle motors and electronics — they are not used in the photovoltaic cells of solar panels. Hence I and III are not used in PV cells.