With reference to the above passage [Passage 2 on statesman and opposition], the following assumptions have been made: I. In a democracy, a strong opposition is required only if the Head of Government is indifferent. II. The more aggressive the opposition, the better is the governance in a democracy. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Assumption I limits the need for opposition to cases of indifferent leaders — the passage instead argues opposition is always needed regardless of the leader's qualities, to keep them on the path of reason. So I is invalid. Assumption II is also invalid — the passage explicitly warns that opposition being 'revolutionary and irreconcilable' is harmful; what is required is balance, not aggression. So II is invalid. Hence neither I nor II is a valid assumption. Answer is (d) Neither I nor II.